{"id":203,"date":"2023-08-15T09:10:37","date_gmt":"2023-08-15T08:10:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/?p=203"},"modified":"2023-08-15T10:04:04","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T09:04:04","slug":"how-do-we-hear","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/15\/how-do-we-hear\/","title":{"rendered":"HOW DO WE HEAR?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BY DR. AK RANA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To hear all those melodious songs that change the vibe of the day in seconds is also one kind of magic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Loud, fast or slow, we hear all kinds of voices right from the very beginning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So how do we hear?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We hear by ears! Well, that\u2019s true but not the complete one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a complex mechanism that\u2019s running behind our hearing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because those who don\u2019t have ears can also hear (with the aid of implants).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-ocean-gradient-background has-background\"><strong><u>PARTS OF EAR<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><u>Pinna \u2013 <\/u><\/strong>The ear that we see, touch and know.<strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everything else lies inside the skull (temporal bone).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><u>External ear- <\/u><\/strong>it extends up to Tympanic membrane.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><u>Middle ear \u2013 <\/u><\/strong>from tympanic membrane to round window.<strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It contains three small bones \u2013 malleus, incus and stapes. It\u2019s the stapes that connects the middle ear with inner ear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These ossicles help in amplifying the sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><u>Inner ear- <\/u><\/strong>It helps in both hearing and balance.<strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is filled with fluid called perilymph and endolymph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here, lies the organ of corti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organ of corti is the sensory organ of hearing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It contains inner hair cells and outer hair cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inner hair cells are connected to nerve that takes impulses to the brain for interpretation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><u>Tympanic membrane \u2013 <\/u><\/strong>It is also called ear drum. It vibrates when sound enters ear cavity.<strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It protects our inner ear from debris and bacteria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"899\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20230815_070046-899x1024.jpg\" alt=\"how do we hear\n\nHalleys clinic\" class=\"wp-image-204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20230815_070046-899x1024.jpg 899w, https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20230815_070046-263x300.jpg 263w, https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20230815_070046-768x875.jpg 768w, https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20230815_070046-1349x1536.jpg 1349w, https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20230815_070046-1798x2048.jpg 1798w, https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20230815_070046-1024x1166.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20230815_070046-600x683.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 899px) 100vw, 899px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-ocean-gradient-background has-background\"><strong><u>MECHANISM OF HEARING<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall hearing can be divided into two parts-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li>Conduction pathway consisting of external and middle ear.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sensory pathway consisting of inner ear.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sounds entering our pinna reaches tympanic membrane which vibrates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These vibrations through middle ear and stapes enters oval window.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Through oval window they enter inner ear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our inner ear is divided into fluid filled compartments called <em>scala vestibuli, scala media and scala tympani.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Organ of corti <\/strong>lies in scala media on <em>Basilar membrane.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Flow is in opposite direction in scala vestibuli and tympani which stimulates organ of corti. (due to shearing force).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Basilar membrane also moves but tectorial membrane doesn\u2019t, further adding to shearing force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hair cells projects to tectorial membrane, when their tips get stimulated k+ channels in tips open.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Endolymph present in scala media is rich in k+.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potassium ions thus enter hair cells and it further leads to calcium influx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Excitatory neurotransmitter Glutamate is released.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This impulse is taken through afferent nerve and then to cochlear nerve, rest is auditory pathway up to brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Various other structures are involved until we reach auditory cortex in the brain present in Superior temporal gyrus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this way, mechanical sound by the help of hair cells is changed into electrical impulse that our brain reads. This is how we hear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background has-background\"><strong><u>AUDITORY PATHWAY<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inner hair cell<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Afferent nerve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cochlear nerve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spiral ganglion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Brain stem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Superior olivary complex<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lateral lemniscus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inferior colliculus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Medial geniculate body<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Auditory cortex<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If repeatedly or on regular basis we expose our ears to loud noises then organ of corti can gets damaged over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Loud noise can damage our outer hair cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This leads to noise induced hearing loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Using ear phones with high volume continuously, listening music at high volume, working at a place with continuous high noise can damage our hearing ability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Keep a watch of no. of hours you exposed your ears to loud noise and also keep a check on it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background has-background wp-block-paragraph\">SHARE YOUR REVIEWS AND STORIES OR ASK QUESTONS IN THE COMMENT SECTION, OR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background has-background wp-block-paragraph\">CONTACT OUR TEAM OF HALLEYS CLINIC halleysclinic@gmail.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">also read <a href=\"https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/14\/how-do-we-see-colors\/\" title=\"HOW DO WE SEE COLORS?\">HOW DO WE SEE COLORS?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">also read <a href=\"https:\/\/halleysclinic.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/31\/why-do-we-feel-hungry\/\" title=\"WHY DO WE FEEL HUNGRY?\">WHY DO WE FEEL HUNGRY?<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To hear all those melodious songs that change the vibe of the day in seconds&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[160,26,22,155,158,157,159,156],"class_list":["post-203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wonders-of-life","tag-auditory-pathway","tag-halleys-clinic","tag-health-articles","tag-how-do-we-hear","tag-mechanism-of-hearing","tag-noise-induced-hearing-loss","tag-organ-of-corti","tag-parts-of-ear"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"BY DR. 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